ms&t blackboard

by Seamus Rogahn 10 min read

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). MS occurs when the immune system attacks nerve fibers and myelin sheathing (a fatty substance which surrounds/insulates healthy nerve fibers) in the brain and spinal cord.

What are usually the first signs of MS?

Common early signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) include:vision problems.tingling and numbness.pains and spasms.weakness or fatigue.balance problems or dizziness.bladder issues.sexual dysfunction.cognitive problems.

What age does MS usually start?

These factors may increase your risk of developing multiple sclerosis: Age. MS can occur at any age, but onset usually occurs around 20 and 40 years of age.Jan 7, 2022

What does MS do to a person?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes damage to nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Over time, it can lead to vision problems, muscle weakness, loss of balance or numbness. Several drug therapies can limit nerve damage and slow the disease's progression.Feb 10, 2021

Can you live a normal life with MS?

MS isn't a fatal condition in most cases, and most people with MS have a close-to-normal life expectancy. But since the disease varies so much from person to person, it can be difficult for doctors to predict whether their condition will worsen or improve.

How do they test you for MS?

There are no specific tests for MS . Instead, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis often relies on ruling out other conditions that might produce similar signs and symptoms, known as a differential diagnosis. Your doctor is likely to start with a thorough medical history and examination.Jan 7, 2022

What are the symptoms of MS in a woman?

MS symptoms in females include the following:Vision problems. For many people, a vision problem is the first noticeable symptom of MS. ... Numbness. Numbness in the face, body, arms, or legs is another common symptom of MS. ... Fatigue. ... Bladder problems. ... Bowel problems. ... Pain. ... Cognitive changes. ... Depression.More items...

What are the four stages of MS?

What are the 4 stages of MS?Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) This is the first episode of symptoms caused by inflammation and damage to the myelin covering on nerves in the brain or spinal cord. ... Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) ... Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS) ... Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)

What it feels like to have MS?

“MS may lead to a loss of sensation in whatever area of the body corresponds with the damaged area of the brain or spinal cord,” Dr. Scherz says. This can cause numbness or a tingling sensation—for instance, in the fingers or toes. The feeling usually comes and goes, and can be mild or severe.Mar 9, 2020

How long does MS take to disable you?

Most symptoms develop abruptly, within hours or days. These attacks or relapses of MS typically reach their peak within a few days at most and then resolve slowly over the next several days or weeks so that a typical relapse will be symptomatic for about eight weeks from onset to recovery. Resolution is often complete.

Can you drink alcohol with MS?

“Regularly having several drinks could worsen neurological damage and function for patients living with MS, but a glass of wine or single beer at dinner is unlikely to cause significant issues,” says Graves. Alcohol is neither all good nor all bad.Nov 13, 2021

Can MS go away forever?

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic condition, which means it's long-lasting, and there's no cure for it.

Can MS be cured if caught early?

Starting treatment early generally provides the best chance at slowing the progression of MS. It reduces the inflammation and damage to the nerve cells that cause your disease to worsen. Early treatment with DMTs and other therapies for symptom management may also reduce pain and help you better manage your condition.

Overview

sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata, is the most common , in which the of in the and are damaged.This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to , resulting in a range of , including physical, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Specific symptoms can include in one eye, muscle weakness, and trouble with or coordination. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms either occurring in isolated attacks (relapsing forms) or build…

Signs and symptoms

A person with MS can have almost any neurological symptom or sign, with autonomic, visual, motor, and sensory problems being the most common. The specific symptoms are determined by the locations of the lesions within the nervous system, and may include loss of sensitivity or changes in sensation such as tingling, pins and needles or numbness, muscle weakness, blurred vision, very pronounced reflexes, muscle spasms, or difficulty in moving; difficulties with coordin…

Causes

The cause of MS is unknown; however, it is believed to occur as a result of some combination of genetic and environmental factors such as infectious agents. Theories try to combine the data into likely explanations, but none has proved definitive. While there are a number of environmental risk factors and although some are partly modifiable, further research is needed to determine whether their elimination can prevent MS.

Pathophysiology

The three main characteristics of MS are the formation of lesions in the central nervous system (also called plaques), inflammation and the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons. These features interact in a complex and not yet fully understood manner to produce the breakdown of nerve tissue and in turn the signs and symptoms of the disease. Cholesterol crystals are believed both to impair myelin repair and to aggravate inflammation. MS is believed to be an immune-me…

Diagnosis

Multiple sclerosis is typically diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms, in combination with supporting medical imaging and laboratory testing. It can be difficult to confirm, especially early on, since the signs and symptoms may be similar to those of other medical problems.
The McDonald criteria, which focus on clinical, laboratory, and radiologic evidence of lesions at d…

Types and variants

Several phenotypes (commonly termed types), or patterns of progression, have been described. Phenotypes use the past course of the disease in an attempt to predict the future course. They are important not only for prognosis but also for treatment decisions. Currently, the United States National Multiple Sclerosis Society and the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, describes four types of MS (revised in 2013):

Management

Although there is no known cure for multiple sclerosis, several therapies have proven helpful. The primary aims of therapy are returning function after an attack, preventing new attacks, and preventing disability. Starting medications is generally recommended in people after the first attack when more than two lesions are seen on MRI.
As with any medical treatment, medications used in the management of MS have several advers…

Prognosis

The expected future course of the disease depends on the subtype of the disease; the individual's sex, age, and initial symptoms; and the degree of disability the person has. Female sex, relapsing-remitting subtype, optic neuritis or sensory symptoms at onset, few attacks in the initial years and especially early age at onset, are associated with a better course.
Almost 40% of people with MS reach the seventh decade of life. Nevertheless, two-thirds of the …

Diagnosis

Treatment

  • There is no cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically focuses on speeding recovery from attacks, slowing the progression of the disease and managing MSsymptoms. Some people have such mild symptoms that no treatment is necessary.
See more on mayoclinic.org

Clinical Trials

  • Explore Mayo Clinic studiestesting new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.
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Lifestyle and Home Remedies

  • To help relieve the signs and symptoms of MS, try to: 1. Get plenty of rest.Look at your sleep habits to make sure you're getting the best possible sleep. To make sure you're getting enough sleep, you may need to be evaluated — and possibly treated — for sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. 2. Exercise. If you have mild to moderate MS, regular exercise can hel
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Alternative Medicine

  • Many people with MSuse a variety of alternative or complementary treatments or both to help manage their symptoms, such as fatigue and muscle pain. Activities such as exercise, meditation, yoga, massage, eating a healthier diet, acupuncture and relaxation techniques may help boost overall mental and physical well-being, but there are few studies to back up their use in managin…
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Coping and Support

  • Living with any chronic illness can be difficult. To manage the stress of living with MS, consider these suggestions: 1. Maintain normal daily activities as best you can. 2. Stay connected to friends and family. 3. Continue to pursue hobbies that you enjoy and are able to do. 4. Contact a support group, for yourself or for family members. 5. Discuss your feelings and concerns about l…
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Preparing For Your Appointment

  • You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in disorders of the brain and nervous system (neurologist).
See more on mayoclinic.org