knowledge system blackboard

by Stefan Rogahn PhD Published 2 years ago Updated 1 year ago 4 min read

Why do KSS need a blackboard?

Blackboard systems use multiple knowledge sources in the same system. There are a number of different blackboard architectures to control the processing of knowledge sources (e.g., …

What are the components of a blackboard-system application?

Blackboard Systems H. Penny Nii Knowledge Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department Stanford University The first blackboard system was the HEARSAY-II speech understanding system[S], that evolved between 1971 and 1976. Subsequently, many systems have been built that have similar

What is a blackboard in a control shell?

Blackboard is UND's Learning Management System connecting students, faculty and staff both inside and outside of the classroom. It is used for courses, organizations, committees, departments and groups.

What is the difference between a blackboard and knowledge source?

Blackboard provides many options for creating content. After you create a course area, such as a content area, learning module, lesson plan, or folder, you create content in it by pointing to its action bar to reveal menus for selecting content items, tests, and links to tools.

What is blackboard system?

A blackboard system is an artificial intelligence approach based on the blackboard architectural model, where a common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution. Each knowledge source updates the blackboard with a partial solution when its internal constraints match the blackboard state. In this way, the specialists work together to solve the problem. The blackboard model was originally designed as a way to handle complex, ill-defined problems, where the solution is the sum of its parts.

What is a blackboard?

The blackboard, a shared repository of problems, partial solutions, suggestions, and contributed information. The blackboard can be thought of as a dynamic "library" of contributions to the current problem that have been recently "published" by other knowledge sources. The control shell, which controls the flow of problem-solving activity in ...

Why was the blackboard model created?

The blackboard model was originally designed as a way to handle complex, ill-defined problems, where the solution is the sum of its parts.

When was LTML developed?

LTML was developed in 2007 as part of a much larger project called POIROT ( Plan Order Induction by Reasoning from One Trial ), which is a Learning from demonstrations framework for process mining. In POIROT, Plan traces and hypotheses are stored in the LTML syntax for creating semantic web services.

What was popular before the AI Winter?

Blackboard systems were popular before the AI Winter and, along with most symbolic AI models, fell out of fashion during that period. Along with other models it was realised that initial successes on toy problems did not scale well to real problems on the available computers of the time.

FAQS

Find answers to the most common questions asked by faculty about Blackboard. For more specific information about the setup and management of your Blackboard course, scroll down further to access Tutorials or contact the IDT team for personal support.

Workshops

The PWSC IDT team offers training and Open Labs on Blackboard course shell design, set up, and delivery for all faculty members. Upcoming workshop dates are listed below as they become available. Videos of previously held workshops will be uploaded to this space, as well. Please check back regularly for training opportunities.

Access to course after the semester ends

Semester-based courses will be unavailable to students approximately one week after grades are due. For instructors, courses will continue to be visible in Blackboard for one year plus a term before the course is archived and removed.

Add Files, Images, Audio, and Video

You can add files, images, audio, and video when you create content in your course. For example, in discussions, you can browse for a media clip from your computer or your course's file repository: Course Files or the Content Collection.

Blackboard - Known Issue & Solution

Using old/unsupported browsers may cause problems with Blackboard's text editor. Use the included links to check your browser version and update/install, if needed.

Blackboard Ally for Students

Ally creates alternative files that are easier to use by all students. Ally works within your online course so it's available right where you need it.

Blackboard Calendar

You can access the calendar from your course, from the Tools panel on the My Institution tab, or from the My Blackboard menu

Blackboard Discussions

The main discussion board page displays a list of forums. A forum is where participants discuss a topic or a group of related topics. Within each forum, users can create multiple threads. A thread includes the initial post and all replies to it. You can create forums and threads to organize discussions into units or topics relevant to your course.

Blackboard Error - "The specified resource was not found, or you do not have permission to access it."

This error may also occur after Blackboard course copies. This is usually because the links are referencing the previous course, rather than updating to the new course. The recommended action is to contact UND Tech Support and allow them to investigate.

Categories (9)

Tests and surveys are used to measure student knowledge, gauge progress, and gather...

Publishing Adobe Captivate Files and Importing to Blackboard

Adobe Captivate, Blackboard, publish settings and import instructions.

Customizing Your Blackboard Course Template

Now that you have selected from the three provided course frameworks, you can customize your course to align with your content, learning goals, and teaching style and preferences.

Downloading, Completing, and Uploading Blackboard Assignments using PDF Expert

The PDF Expert app can be configured for reviewing and annotating files from Blackboard using an iPad and Apple Pencil. This can be a useful method for students to complete assignments that require annotating an assignment file, or for instructors who want to use annotation to provide feedback on student submissions.

Grading and Annotating Documents Using Blackboard's Inline Grading Tool (Blackboard Annotate)

Inline grading (or Blackboard Annotate) allows instructors to markup student assignments directly from the grade center of their Blackboard course site. This tool can save time and effort by allowing essays and many other types of assignment submissions to be annotated within Blackboard.

How to create an Assignment in Blackboard

Assignments in Blackboard are created as Content Areas and are best used for assignments in which students must upload files. Assignments are added to Blackboard's Gradebook.

Padlet for Graphical Discussion Boards (Instructor)

Padlet is an online virtual “bulletin” board, where students and teachers can collaborate, reflect, share links and pictures, in a secure location. Padlet can be integrated within Blackboard.

Recording Audio Feedback in Blackboard in Tests and in the Grade Center

Add audio recordings as feedback in grade center. Students listen to your feedback alongside any text that is included. When paired with text feedback, audio recordings help provide students with more personal feedback regarding their submissions.

The Updated Text Editor in Blackboard Learn - A Comparison of the Current and New Editor

The text editor in Blackboard will be updated soon. What to expect? Adding content has been simplified, it works better on both mobile devices and larger screens. There are several improvements for accessibility and some new features, too. Here is a comparison chart of the changes between the current editor and the new editor.

Overview

Metaphor

The following scenario provides a simple metaphor that gives some insight into how a blackboard functions:
A group of specialists are seated in a room with a large blackboard. They work as a team to brainstorm a solution to a problem, using the blackboard as the workplace for cooperatively developing the solution. The session begins when the problem specifications are written onto th…

Components

A blackboard-system application consists of three major components
1. The software specialist modules, which are called knowledge sources (KSs). Like the human experts at a blackboard, each knowledge source provides specific expertise needed by the application.
2. The blackboard, a shared repository of problems, partial solutions, suggestions, and contributed information. The blackboard can be thought of as a dynamic "library" of contribution…

Implementations

Famous examples of early academic blackboard systems are the Hearsay II speech recognition system and Douglas Hofstadter's Copycat and Numbo projects.
More recent examples include deployed real-world applications, such as the PLAN component of the Mission Control System for RADARSAT-1, an Earth observation satellite developed by Canada to monitor environmental changes and Earth's natural resources.

Criticism

Blackboard systems were popular before the AI Winter and, along with most symbolic AI models, fell out of fashion during that period. Along with other models it was realised that initial successes on toy problems did not scale well to real problems on the available computers of the time. Most problems using blackboards are inherently NP-hard, so resist tractable solution by any algorithm in the large size limit. During the same period, statistical pattern recognitionbecame d…

Recent developments

Blackboard-like systems have been constructed within modern Bayesian machine learning settings, using agents to add and remove Bayesian network nodes. In these 'Bayesian Blackboard' systems, the heuristics can acquire more rigorous probabilistic meanings as proposal and acceptances in Metropolis Hastings samplingthough the space of possible structures. Conversely, using these mappings, existing Metropolis-Hastings samplers over structural spaces may now thus be view…

External links

• Open Blackboard System An open source framework for developing blackboard systems.
• GBBopen An open source blackboard system framework for Common Lisp.
• Blackboard Event Processor An open source blackboard implementation that runs on the JVM but supports plan scripting in JavaScript and JRuby.